windows系统ssh连接服务器(免密+私钥)

准备条件：

私钥和公钥
openSSH 服务端和客户端安装

安装好openSSH后，在电脑开始搜索框输入关键词PowerShell,找到Windows PowerShell右键以管理身份运行

启用服务

1	net start sshd

添加防火墙开放22端口规则

1	New-NetFirewallRule -Name sshd -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22

查看ssdh现状

sshd -d

假如需要重启服务

1 2	Stop-Service sshd Start-Service sshd

将准备好的公钥上传到服务器：

方式一：

1	ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub shirley@192.168.235.22

方式二：将客户端id_rsa.pub中的内容贴到~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件末尾

客户端请求链接：
(假如我的服务器：192.168.0.0，名字为name)

1	ssh name@192.168.0.0

或者

1	ssh -vvv name@192.168.0.0

指定私钥名字

1	ssh -vvv name@192.168.0.0 -i 路径\私钥名字(例如：E:\Users\admin\Desktop\crfbp_id_rsa)

直接yes走到通

附：错误记录，链接成功但请求被回拒

链接成功

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debug3: ssh_connect_direct: entering
debug1: Connecting to 161.117.11.240 [161.117.11.240] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.

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PS D:\Bepic_H5\h5-template> ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa qianduan@161.117.11.240
kex_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host
Connection closed by 161.117.11.240 port 2

请求回拒链接失败：

PS D:\Bepic_H5\h5-template> ssh -vvv qianduan@161.117.11.240
OpenSSH_for_Windows_8.6p1, LibreSSL 3.4.3
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/config error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/ProgramData/ssh/ssh_config error:2
debug2: resolve_canonicalize: hostname 161.117.11.240 is address
debug3: expanded UserKnownHostsFile '~/.ssh/known_hosts' -> 'C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/known_hosts'
debug3: expanded UserKnownHostsFile '~/.ssh/known_hosts2' -> 'C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/known_hosts2'
debug1: Authenticator provider $SSH_SK_PROVIDER did not resolve; disabling   
debug3: ssh_connect_direct: entering
debug1: Connecting to 161.117.11.240 [161.117.11.240] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_rsa type 0
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_rsa-cert error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_rsa-cert.pub error:2      
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_rsa-cert error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa.pub error:2
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa-cert error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa-cert.pub error:2      
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_dsa-cert error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub error:2
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert error:2        
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert.pub error:2    
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert error:2        
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk.pub error:2      
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert error:2     
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert.pub error:2 
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert error:2     
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519 error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub error:2       
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519 error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert error:2      
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert.pub error:2  
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk error:2        
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk.pub error:2    
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk error:2        
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert error:2   
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert.pub error:2
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert error:2   
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert type -1       
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss.pub error:2
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_xmss type -1
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss-cert error:2
debug3: Failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss-cert.pub error:2     
debug3: failed to open file:C:/Users/admin/.ssh/id_xmss-cert error:2
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\admin/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_for_Windows_8.6
kex_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host
Connection closed by 161.117.11.240 port 22

几乎找遍了所有问题的可能一直没解决，最后关掉vpn，关掉公司wifi，开启手机热点重启服务，发现公司网络问题。

功夫不负有心人：

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Last login: Thu Mar  7 17:24:13 2024 from 223.160.228.62

Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !

2024:04.09 问题记录: 回家用了家里的网络，发现使用了openssh的Tortoise客户端推送git项目时又失败了，然后我切换和手机热点并关闭已链接的wifi。对比了下网络属性，发现家里的网络和公司的网络没有ipv6，目前看来是这个问题导致的，不过我用指令指定ipv4推送也没有成功，也没有其他更好的解决办法。